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KMID : 0381120230450010071
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Genes and Genomics
2023 Volume.45 No. 1 p.71 ~ p.81
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Gut bacteria-derived 3-phenylpropionylglycine mitigates adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by inhibiting adiponectin-PPAR pathway
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Jung Hae-Rim
Oh Yu-Mi
Jang Dong-Jun
Shin Seung-Jae
Lee Soo-Jin
Kim Ji-Won
Lee Sang-Eun
Oh Jae-Ik
Jang Gi-Yong
Kwon O-Bin
Lee Yeon-Mi
Lee Hui-Young
Cho Sung-Yup
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Abstract
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Background : Gut microbiota provide numerous types of metabolites that humans cannot produce and have a huge influence on the host metabolism. Accordingly, gut bacteria-derived metabolites can be employed as a resource to develop anti-obesity and metabolism-modulating drugs.
Objective : This study aimed to examine the anti-adipogenic effect of 3-phenylpropionylglycine (PPG), which is a glycine conjugate of bacteria-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA).
Methods : The effect of PPG on preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation was evaluated in 3T3-L1 differentiation models and the degree of the differentiation was estimated by Oil red O staining. The molecular mechanisms of the PPG effect were investigated with transcriptome analyses using RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR.
Results : PPG suppressed lipid droplet accumulation during the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, which is attributed to down-regulation of lipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn). However, other chemicals with chemical structures similar to PPG, including cinnamoylglycine and hippuric acid, had little effect on the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. In transcriptomic analysis, PPG suppressed the expression of adipogenesis and metabolism-related gene sets, which is highly associated with downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Protein-protein association network analysis suggested adiponectin as a hub gene in the network of genes that were differentially expressed genes in response to PPG treatment.
Conclusion : PPG inhibits preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the adiponectin-PPAR pathway. These data provide a potential candidate from bacteria-derived metabolites with anti-adipogenic effects.
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KEYWORD
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3-Phenylpropionylglycine, Adipognesis, Adiponectin, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
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